One of the most critical steps in combating the climate crisis “green steel”, aims to eliminate carbon emissions from traditional steel production. This revolutionary approach, combined with hydrogen technology, is fundamentally changing the steel industry. So how does hydrogen-based production work and what is the world doing to achieve this goal? Here are the details:

The Environmental Cost of Conventional Steel Production

• Coal Addiction: Blast furnaces used in steel production, per ton 1.8 tons of CO₂ This causes global emissions to %7-9 is forming.
• Energy Consumption: To produce one ton of steel 20-25 GJ energy required (equivalent to the daily consumption of 300 homes).
• Polluting Wastes: Slag and heavy metals threaten soil and water resources.

What is Green Steel? How Does the Hydrogen Revolution Work?

Green steel, instead of fossil fuels hydrogen And renewable energy It is carbon neutral or zero emission steel produced using:

1. Reduction with Hydrogen:

• In the traditional method, iron ore (Fe₂O₃) reacts with coal (C) to form CO₂:
  Fe₂O₃ + 3C → 2Fe + 3CO₂
• Hydrogen (H₂) is used in green steel:
  Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ → 2Fe + 3H₂O
• Spin off This Therefore, no emissions occur.

1. Electric Arc Furnaces: Recycled steel is melted in furnaces powered by renewable energy.

Advantages of Green Steel Production

✅ Zero Carbon Emission: If hydrogen production is done with renewable resources Emission reduction up to.
✅ Energy efficiency: Energy consumption with electrolysis and direct reduction technologies %30 falls.
✅ Economic Value: The EU's border carbon tax (CBAM) gives green steel producers a competitive advantage.

Challenges of Hydrogen-Based Production

• High Cost: Green hydrogen production compared to grey hydrogen 2-4 layers expensive.
• Lack of Infrastructure: Hydrogen storage and transportation systems are still inadequate.
• Renewable Energy Need: For 1 ton of green steel 4-6 MWh clean energy is needed.

Green Steel Projects from Around the World

1. HYBRIT (Sweden):

• The partnership between SSAB, LKAB and Vattenfall is targeting commercial production in 2026.
• Target: Annual 5 million tons zero-emission steel.

1. H2Green Steel (Spain):

• The facility will be operational in 2025, 2.5 million tons will produce green steel.

1. Startups in Türkiye:

• Kardemir and Erdemir accelerated their R&D studies for hydrogen pilot plants.
• Ministry of Energy, 2053 Net Zero increased incentives for green steel as part of its goal.

Green Steel Production Costs (2024)

Source: Global Efficiency Intelligence, 2023

Opportunities and Steps for Türkiye

1. Renewable Energy Investments: Establishing hydrogen production facilities using solar and wind energy.
2. Hybrid Production Models: Accelerating the transition by integrating existing blast furnaces with hydrogen.
3. EU Green Deal Compliance: Documenting carbon footprint in preparation for CBAM tax.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: When will green steel become widespread?
A: Global steel production in 2030 -20 will be hydrogen based.

Q: What resources should be used for hydrogen production?
A: Wind and solar powered electrolyzers are ideal, but geothermal is also an option in Türkiye.

Q: Is green steel durable?
A: Yes, it has the same mechanical properties as conventional steel.

Conclusion: Time is Running Out for a Sustainable Future

Green steel helps achieve climate goals a critical bridge In order for Türkiye to be a leader in this transformation, industry-university cooperation, R&D incentives and investment in renewable energy infrastructure are essential.

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